Oral traditions about early iron-working in the Caucasus mountains
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Published
Jan 1, 2022
Abstract
The origin of the smelting of iron is usually attributed to regions to the South and East of the Black Sea. This paper details some oral traditions from the Caucasus Mountains describing the early development of the processing of iron and steel. Most of the mountain regions had no writing until less than a century ago, so the oral records cannot be scientifically dated, but comparison with archaeological and other data suggests that they date from the early development of iron, at the beginning of the Iron Age.
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References
Baddeley J F 1940, The Rugged Flanks of Caucasus; 2 vols (Oxford).
Chachutaischwili N 2001, ‘Alte Eisenproduktion an der östlichen Schwarzmeerküste’, in I Gambaschidze, A Hauptmann, R Slotta & Ü Yalçin (eds), Georgien (Bochum), 182–5.
Coghlan H H 1956, Notes on Prehistoric and Early Iron in the Old World (Oxford).
Dumézil G 1930, Légendes sur les Nartes (Paris).
Gadagatl A and Vetrova L 2000, The Self-Directing Arrow of the Nart Tlepsh. Legends from the Adyge Folk Epos “Nartkher” (in Russian) (Maykop).
Khajieva T M & Ortabayeva R A-K 1994, Narty. Geroichesky Epos Balkartsev i Karachayevtsev (in Russian) (Moscow).
Koran 1967, Suras 21:80 and 34:10–11: transl by N J Dawood (London).
Leach E 1997, Culture and Communication (Cambridge).
Malsagov A O 1983, Skazki i Legendy Ingushey i Chechentsev (in Russian) (Moscow).
Pigott V C 1989, ‘The emergence of iron use at Hasanlu’, Expedition 31, 67–79.
Rekhviashvili N 1953, Mehedloba Rachashi (in Georgian) (Tbilisi).
Tavkul U 2000, ‘Nart Debet the smith’ in Symposium: Nart epos: problems and results at III millennium eve, 000–000 (Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia).
Waldbaum J C 1999, ‘The coming of iron in the eastern Mediterranean’, in Pigott V C 1999, The Archaeometallurgy of the Asian Old World (Pennsylvania: University Museum Monograph 89).
Chachutaischwili N 2001, ‘Alte Eisenproduktion an der östlichen Schwarzmeerküste’, in I Gambaschidze, A Hauptmann, R Slotta & Ü Yalçin (eds), Georgien (Bochum), 182–5.
Coghlan H H 1956, Notes on Prehistoric and Early Iron in the Old World (Oxford).
Dumézil G 1930, Légendes sur les Nartes (Paris).
Gadagatl A and Vetrova L 2000, The Self-Directing Arrow of the Nart Tlepsh. Legends from the Adyge Folk Epos “Nartkher” (in Russian) (Maykop).
Khajieva T M & Ortabayeva R A-K 1994, Narty. Geroichesky Epos Balkartsev i Karachayevtsev (in Russian) (Moscow).
Koran 1967, Suras 21:80 and 34:10–11: transl by N J Dawood (London).
Leach E 1997, Culture and Communication (Cambridge).
Malsagov A O 1983, Skazki i Legendy Ingushey i Chechentsev (in Russian) (Moscow).
Pigott V C 1989, ‘The emergence of iron use at Hasanlu’, Expedition 31, 67–79.
Rekhviashvili N 1953, Mehedloba Rachashi (in Georgian) (Tbilisi).
Tavkul U 2000, ‘Nart Debet the smith’ in Symposium: Nart epos: problems and results at III millennium eve, 000–000 (Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia).
Waldbaum J C 1999, ‘The coming of iron in the eastern Mediterranean’, in Pigott V C 1999, The Archaeometallurgy of the Asian Old World (Pennsylvania: University Museum Monograph 89).
How to Cite
Oral traditions about early iron-working in the Caucasus mountains. (2022). Historical Metallurgy, 37(1), 1-5. https://hmsjournal.org/index.php/home/article/view/257
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How to Cite
Oral traditions about early iron-working in the Caucasus mountains. (2022). Historical Metallurgy, 37(1), 1-5. https://hmsjournal.org/index.php/home/article/view/257