Small-Scale Copper Production in Late Roman Pyrga, Cyprus: Ecclesiastical Influence on technology
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Published
November 19, 2025
Yasmine Julie L Cornelissen
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1572-3976
Ralf Vandam
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9542-8477
Frixos Markou
Meghna Desaï
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5096-0951
Thilo Rehren
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9169-1198
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1572-3976
Ralf Vandam
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9542-8477
Frixos Markou
Meghna Desaï
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5096-0951
Thilo Rehren
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9169-1198
Abstract
Copper was central to the Late Roman Cypriot economy, represented by large-scale production sites. This study examines often-overlooked small-scale mining by focusing on Pyrga in the Pouzis Valley, Southeast Cyprus. Surveys by the Hala Sultan Tekke Hinterland Survey Project (2021–ongoing) revealed dispersed slag heaps near potential church remains. Metal slag analysis reveals a consistent manganese-rich composition and low residual copper, suggesting controlled and efficient smelting. Viewed alongside the Codex Theodosianus and Codex Justinianus, regulating mining, taxation and landownership, and the proximity of churches to production sites, this raises the possibility that Pyrga’s production was part of a centrally organised network. This research examines how ecclesiastical institutions may have steered local economy, administration and taxation, and technological practices. This dual exploration of administration and technology deepens our understanding of the relationship between ecclesiastical power and the copper economy of Late Roman Cyprus.
Details
Keywords
Late Roman, Cyprus, Slag Heaps, Metal Slag Analysis, Copper Smelting, Ecclesiastical influence, Hala Sultan Tekke Hinterland Survey Project
References
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How to Cite
Cornelissen, Y. J. L., Vandam, R., Markou, F., Desaï, M., & Rehren, T. (2025). Small-Scale Copper Production in Late Roman Pyrga, Cyprus: Ecclesiastical Influence on technology. Historical Metallurgy, 55(3), 137-151. https://doi.org/10.54841/hm.673
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Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Grant numbers OZR4042 -
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek