The final phase of charcoal iron-smelting in Britain, 1660-1800
Abstract
New estimates of the number of charcoal-fired blast fumaces in use in Great Britain between 1660 and 1800 are combined with contemporary and inferred data for average output per fumace to produce new output series for charcoal-smelted pig for Great Britain and for twelve separate regions. The figures are compared with previous estimates and the varied experience of different regions discussed, notably the vitality of charcoal iron-smelting in South Wales immediately prior to the introduction of coke- fired fumaces there.
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References
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Cleere Hand Crossley D. 1995. The iron industry of the Weald. 2nd edn (Cardiff).
Davies R S W and Pollard S. 1988. 'The iron industry, 1750-1850' in Feinstein CH and Pollard S (eds), Studies in capitalformation in the United Kingdom 1750-1920, 73-104. Oxford.
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King P W. 1992. 'The Vale Royal Company and its rivals', Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire 142, 1-18.
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Minchinton W E. 1957. The British tinplate industry. A history (Oxford).
Mitchell BR. 1971. Abstract of British historical statistics (Cambridge).
Phillips C B. 1977. 'The Cumbrian iron industry in the seventeenth century', in Chaloner WH and Ratcliffe B M (ed), Trade and transport. Essays in economic history in honour of T.S. Willan (Manchester).
Riden P. 1977. 'The output of the British iron industry before 1870', Economic History Review 2nd series, 30, 442-59.
Riden P. 1978. 'Eighteenth-century blast fumaces: a new checklist', Historical Metallurgy 12, 36-9.
Riden P. 1992. 'Some unsuccessful blast fumaces of the early coke era', Historical Metallurgy 26, 36-44.
Riden P. 1993. A gazetteer of charcoal-fired blast fumaces in use in Great Britain since 1660. 2nd edn (Cardiff).
Riden P and Owen JG. 1995. British blast furnace statistics, 1790-1980 (Cardiff).
Schubert H R. 1957. History of the British iron and steel industry from c. 450 B.C. to A.D. 1775 (London).
Shone R M. 1950. 'Statistics relating to the U.K. iron and steel industry', Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A 113, 424-86.
Trinder B. 1981. The industrial revolution in Shropshire. 2nd edn (Chichester).
Atkinson M and Baber C. 1987. The growth and decline of the South Wales iron industry (Cardiff).
Birch A. 1967. The economic history of the British iron industry 1784-1879 (London).
Burt Rand Waite P. 1985. Introduction to Microfilm Edition of Mineral Statistics of the United Kingdom 1853-1881 in the British Library (Wakefield).
Cleere Hand Crossley D. 1995. The iron industry of the Weald. 2nd edn (Cardiff).
Davies R S W and Pollard S. 1988. 'The iron industry, 1750-1850' in Feinstein CH and Pollard S (eds), Studies in capitalformation in the United Kingdom 1750-1920, 73-104. Oxford.
Evans C. 1993a. 'The Labyrinth of flames'. Work and social conflict in early industrial Merthyr Tydfil (Cardiff).
Evans C. } 993b. 'The statistical surveys of the British iron industry in 1797-98 and 1806', Historical Metallurgy 21, 84-101.
Flinn M W. 1958-9. 'Revisions in economic history. XVII. The growth of the English iron industry, 1660-1760', Economic History Review 2nd series 11, 144-53.
Flinn M W. 1962. Men of iron. The Crowleys in the early iron industry (Edinburgh).
Hammersley Q-F. 1973. 'The charcoal iron industry and its fuel, 1540-1750': Economic History Review 2nd series 26, 593-613.
Harris J R. 1988. The British iron industry 1700-1850 (London).
Hulme E W. 1928-9. 'Statistical history of the iron trade of England and Wales, 1717-50', Transactions of the Newcomen Society 9, 12-35.
Ince L. 1991. 'The introduction of coke iron at the Stour forges of the Knight family', Historical Metallurgy 24, 107-13.
Johnson B L C. 1951. 'The charcoal iron industry in the early eighteenth century', Geographical Journal 117, 167-77.
King P W. 1992. 'The Vale Royal Company and its rivals', Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire 142, 1-18.
Minchinton W E. 1954. 'Bristol: metropolis of the west in the eighteenth century', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5th series 4, 69-85.
Minchinton W E. 1957. The British tinplate industry. A history (Oxford).
Mitchell BR. 1971. Abstract of British historical statistics (Cambridge).
Phillips C B. 1977. 'The Cumbrian iron industry in the seventeenth century', in Chaloner WH and Ratcliffe B M (ed), Trade and transport. Essays in economic history in honour of T.S. Willan (Manchester).
Riden P. 1977. 'The output of the British iron industry before 1870', Economic History Review 2nd series, 30, 442-59.
Riden P. 1978. 'Eighteenth-century blast fumaces: a new checklist', Historical Metallurgy 12, 36-9.
Riden P. 1992. 'Some unsuccessful blast fumaces of the early coke era', Historical Metallurgy 26, 36-44.
Riden P. 1993. A gazetteer of charcoal-fired blast fumaces in use in Great Britain since 1660. 2nd edn (Cardiff).
Riden P and Owen JG. 1995. British blast furnace statistics, 1790-1980 (Cardiff).
Schubert H R. 1957. History of the British iron and steel industry from c. 450 B.C. to A.D. 1775 (London).
Shone R M. 1950. 'Statistics relating to the U.K. iron and steel industry', Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A 113, 424-86.
Trinder B. 1981. The industrial revolution in Shropshire. 2nd edn (Chichester).
How to Cite
The final phase of charcoal iron-smelting in Britain, 1660-1800. (2022). Historical Metallurgy, 28(1), 14-26. https://hmsjournal.org/index.php/home/article/view/471
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How to Cite
The final phase of charcoal iron-smelting in Britain, 1660-1800. (2022). Historical Metallurgy, 28(1), 14-26. https://hmsjournal.org/index.php/home/article/view/471