Metallurgy of two fragmentary Archaic Greek Helmets
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Published
Jan 29, 2022
Abstract
Two fragments from what had been thought to be a single helmet of the 6th century BC are shown by chemical analysis to come from different helmets, though they share characteristics not seen in other helmets of that type for which analyses have been published. Metallographie examination shows that, though some pre-formation of the blank is probable, both were formed by hammering and each shows a distinct style, indicating that they were made by different armourers. One method of hammering appears to have been very laborious, producing a layer of work-hardening on the outer surface over a ductile core and inner face. Experiments to reproduce this structure and test its effect on deflection and resistance to perforation are described.
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References
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Williams. G H, and O'Neill, H, 'Straining of metals by indentation,' J. Iron and Steel Institute. 1982, 1956, 266-273.
Born, Hermann, 'Antike Herstellungstechniken: Gegossene Brustpanzer und Helme aus Italien', Acta praehistorica et archaeologica 21, 1989, 99-115.
Clark, D S, and Wood, D S, 'The tensile properties of some metals and alloys', Transactions of the American Society of Metals 42, 1950, 45-74.
Craddock, Paul 'The composition of the Copper Alloys used by the Greek , Etruscan and Roman Civilisations, 2. The Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic Periods,' Journal of Archaeological Science 4 (1977).
Hoffmann, Herbert, Early Cretan Armorers, Cambridge, Mass. (Fogg Art Museum) 1972.
Jones, Peter, Appendix 3, The target', in Robert Hardy, Longbow, a Social and Military History, Cambridge (Patrick Stephen), 1977, 204-208.
Kunze, Emil, Olympiabericht VII, Berlin 1956. Samuels, L E, and Mulhearn, T 0, 'An experimental investigation of the deformed zone associated with indentation hardness impressions,' J. Physics and Mechanics of Solids 3, 1957, 135-142.
Swaddling, Judith, 'An Unusual Greek Bronze Helmet', The Antiquaries Journal 47, 1987, 348 ff.
Williams, Alan R, 'Four Helms of the Fourteenth Century Compared' J. of the Arms and Armour Soc. X 1981 80-102.
Williams, Alan R, 'Augsburg Craftsmen and the Metallurgy of Innsbruck Armour', J. of the Arms and Armour Soc. XIV 1993 121-146.
Williams. G H, and O'Neill, H, 'Straining of metals by indentation,' J. Iron and Steel Institute. 1982, 1956, 266-273.
How to Cite
Blyth, H. (2022). Metallurgy of two fragmentary Archaic Greek Helmets. Historical Metallurgy, 27(1), 25-36. https://hmsjournal.org/index.php/home/article/view/502
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How to Cite
Blyth, H. (2022). Metallurgy of two fragmentary Archaic Greek Helmets. Historical Metallurgy, 27(1), 25-36. https://hmsjournal.org/index.php/home/article/view/502